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Lung disease

Contents of this page:

Illustrations

Pulmonary mass - side view chest X-ray
Pulmonary mass - side view chest X-ray
Lung mass, right upper lobe - CT scan
Lung mass, right upper lobe - CT scan
Lung mass, right lung - CT scan
Lung mass, right lung - CT scan
Lung mass, right upper lung - chest X-ray
Lung mass, right upper lung - chest X-ray
Lung nodule - front view chest X-ray
Lung nodule - front view chest X-ray
Lung nodule, right lower lung - CT scan
Lung nodule, right lower lung - CT scan
Lung with squamous cell cancer - CT scan
Lung with squamous cell cancer - CT scan
Secondhand Smoke and Lung Cancer
Secondhand Smoke and Lung Cancer
Yellow nail syndrome
Yellow nail syndrome
Respiratory system
Respiratory system

Definition    Return to top

Lung disease is any disease or disorder that occurs in the lungs or that causes the lungs to not work properly. There are three main types of lung disease:

  1. Airway diseases -- These diseases affect the tubes (airways) that carry oxygen and other gases into and out of the lungs. These diseases cause a narrowing or blockage of the airways. They include asthma, emphysema, and chronic bronchitis. People with airway diseases sometimes describe the feeling as "trying to breathe out through a straw."
  2. Lung tissue diseases -- These diseases affect the structure of the lung tissue. Scarring or inflammation of the tissue makes the lungs unable to expand fully ("restrictive lung disease"). It also makes the lungs less capable of taking up oxygen (oxygenation) and releasing carbon dioxide. Pulmonary fibrosis and sarcoidosis are examples of lung tissue diseases. People sometimes describe the feeling as "wearing a too-tight sweater or vest" that won't allow them to take a deep breath.
  3. Pulmonary circulation diseases -- These diseases affect the blood vessels in the lungs. They are caused by clotting, scarring, or inflammation of the blood vessels. They affect the ability of the lungs to take up oxygen and to release carbon dioxide. These diseases may also affect heart function.

Most lung diseases actually involve a combination of these categories.

The most common lung diseases include:

Other lung diseases include:

Update Date: 8/29/2008

Updated by: Sean O. Stitham, MD, private practice in Internal Medicine, Seattle, WA; Benjamin Medoff, MD, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Pulmonary and Critical Care Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

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