Medical Encyclopedia

 

Medical Encyclopedia

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Geographic tongue

Contents of this page:

Illustrations

Tongue
Tongue

Alternative Names    Return to top

Patches on the tongue; Tongue - patchy; Benign migratory glossitis; Glossitis - benign migratory

Definition    Return to top

Geographic tongue is a map-like appearance of your tongue due to irregular patches on its surface.

Causes    Return to top

The specific cause of geographic tongue is unknown, although vitamin B deficiency may be involved. Other causes may include irritation from hot or spicy foods, or alcohol. The condition appears to be less common in smokers.

The pattern on the surface of the tongue may change very rapidly. This pattern change occurs when there is a loss of the tiny, finger-like projections, called papillae, on the tongue's surface. This makes areas of the tongue flat. These areas are said to be "denuded." Denuded areas may persist for more than a month.

Symptoms    Return to top

Exams and Tests    Return to top

Your doctor will usually diagnose this condition based on an examination of your tongue. Tests are usually not necessary.

Treatment    Return to top

There is no treatment.

Outlook (Prognosis)    Return to top

Geographic tongue is a harmless condition, but it can be persistent and uncomfortable.

When to Contact a Medical Professional    Return to top

Call your doctor if the symptoms last longer than 10 days. Seek immediate medical help if:

Prevention    Return to top

Avoid irritating your tongue with hot or spicy food or alcohol if you are prone to this condition.

References    Return to top

Goldman L, Ausiello D. Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 22nd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: WB Saunders; 2004:2428.

Shulman JD. Prevalence and risk factors associated with geographic tongue among US adults. Oral Dis. Jul 2006; 12(4): 381-6.

Update Date: 3/3/2009

Updated by: James L. Demetroulakos, MD, FACS, Department of Otolaryngology, North Shore Medical Center, Salem, MA. Clinical Instructor in Otology and Laryngology, Harvard Medical School. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

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