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Fleas

Contents of this page:

Illustrations

Flea
Flea
Flea bite - close-up
Flea bite - close-up

Alternative Names    Return to top

Dog fleas; Siphonaptera

Definition    Return to top

Fleas are blood-sucking insects that feed on humans, dog, cats, and other animals. Fleas do not have wings.

Causes    Return to top

Fleas prefer to live on dogs and cats, but may also be found on humans and other available animals. Pet owners may not be bothered by fleas until their pet is gone for a lengthy period of time, and the fleas must find another place to go. This is when they begin to bite humans. Bites frequently occur around the waist, ankles, armpits, and in the bend of the elbows and knees.

Symptoms    Return to top

Note: Symptoms often begin suddenly (within hours).

Exams and Tests    Return to top

No testing is necessary.

Treatment    Return to top

The goal of treatment is to get rid of the fleas by treating the home, pets, and outside areas with insecticide. Small children should not be in the home when insecticides are being used. Birds and fish must be protected during spraying. Home foggers and flea collars do not always work. If home treatments do not work, professional extermination may be needed.

If flea bites occur, an over-the-counter 1% hydrocortisone cream can help relieve itching.

Outlook (Prognosis)    Return to top

Getting rid of fleas can be difficult and takes persistence.

Possible Complications    Return to top

Scratching can lead to a secondary skin infection.

Prevention    Return to top

Prevention may not be possible in all cases. Use of insecticides may be helpful if fleas are common in your area. Professional extermination may be necessary in some cases.

Update Date: 10/15/2008

Updated by: Daniel Rauch, MD, FAAP. Director, Pediatric Hospitalist Program, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

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