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Testicular self-examination

Contents of this page:

Illustrations

Male reproductive anatomy
Male reproductive anatomy
Testicular anatomy
Testicular anatomy

Definition    Return to top

Testicular self-examination is an examination of the testicles. The testicles (also called the testes) are the male reproductive organs that produce sperm and the hormone testosterone. They are located in the scrotum under the penis.

How the Test is Performed    Return to top

Perform this test during or after a shower. This way, the scrotal skin is warm and relaxed. It's best to do the test while standing.

  1. Gently feel your scrotal sac to locate a testicle.
  2. Firmly but gently roll the testicle between the thumb and fingers of both hands to examine the entire surface.
  3. Repeat the procedure with the other testicle.

Why the Test is Performed    Return to top

A testicular self-exam is done to check for testicular cancer. Normal testicles contain blood vessels and other structures that can make the exam confusing. Performing a self-exam monthly allows you to become familiar with your normal anatomy. Then if you notice any changes from the previous exam, you'll know to contact your doctor.

You should perform a testicular self-exam every month if you have or have had any of the following risk factors:

  1. Family history of testicular cancer
  2. Previous testicular tumor
  3. Undescended testicle

Normal Results    Return to top

Each testicle should feel firm, but not rock hard. One testicle may or may not be lower or slightly larger than the other.

Always ask your doctor if you have any doubts or questions.

What Abnormal Results Mean    Return to top

If you find a small hard lump (like a pea), have an enlarged testicle, or notice any other concerning differences from your last self-exam, see your doctor as soon as you can.

Consult your doctor if:

Sudden, severe (acute) pain in the scrotum or testicle is an emergency. If you experience such pain, seek immediate medical attention.

Considerations    Return to top

A lump on the testicle is often the first sign of testicular cancer. Therefore, if you find a lump, see a doctor immediately. Keep in mind that some cases of testicular cancer do not show symptoms until they reach an advanced stage.

References    Return to top

Rew L. Development of the self-efficacy for testicular self-examination scale. J Men's Health Gend. March 2005;2(1):59-63.

Information from your family doctor. Testicular cancer. Am Fam Physician. 2004;69(3):613-614.

Update Date: 11/1/2007

Updated by: Marc A. Greenstein, D.O., F.A.C.O.S., Urologist, Somerset Medical Center in Somerville, NJ. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.

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